This poster urges Russian civilians to subscribe to the 1916 war bond at 5 ½ percent. The slogan “Everything for the War!” points at the efforts made by a woman working a lathe in a munitions factory. Russia had huge reserves of manpower and, therefore, unlike other countries, did not need to introduce enlistment campaigns during World War I. But it entered the war with a dire shortage of weapons and equipment; with more than 15 million men called up, female labor was essential to industrial production. The number of women in urban industries expanded to nearly 45 percent during the war, although women continued to earn as little as 35 percent of the salaries of their male counterparts.